Okadaic acid (OA), produced by dinoflagellates during harmful algal blooms, is a principal diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin.This toxin poses a potential threat to bivalves with economic values.To better understand the toxicity mechanism of OA to bivalves, in this study, oxidative stress Connection Hose biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; cat
The ongoing, and very serious, threat from antimicrobial resistance necessitates the development and use Horse Cooler Rugs of preventative measures, predominantly vaccination.Polysaccharide-based vaccines have provided a degree of success in limiting morbidity from disseminated bacterial infections, including those caused by the major human obligat
Rediscovered in the wild twenty years ago, the breeding biology of wild Blue-throated Macaws remains largely unexplored, yet is essential to its effective conservation and recovery.Here, we analyse reproductive parameters in an intensively managed wild population of Blue-throated Macaws, providing the first data on the breeding biology of this crit